Can you underarm serve in tennis? Comprehensive guide

The tennis serve, a cornerstone of the game, is traditionally executed with an overhead motion, a powerful display of athleticism and precision.

 

However, a question often arises, particularly in casual conversation and even on the professional tour: can you underarm serve in tennis?

 

The simple answer is yes, you absolutely can. While it might raise eyebrows and spark debate, the underarm serve is a legal and sometimes strategically viable option within the rules of the sport.

 

 

Perception of the underarm serve

The Laws of Tennis, governed by the International Tennis Federation (ITF), do not explicitly prohibit the underarm serve. The rules state that the ball must be struck before it hits the ground, and there are no restrictions on the manner in which the ball is propelled.

 

This means that an underarm serve, provided it adheres to the other serving regulations (e.g., serving from behind the baseline, within the correct service box), is perfectly legal.

 

However, the shot carries a certain stigma. It’s often perceived as unconventional, even disrespectful, by some purists of the game. This perception stems from its perceived lack of power and its association with less competitive play.

 

Traditionally, tennis emphasises power and dominance in the serve, and the underarm serve seems to contradict this ethos.

 

Yet, it has seen a resurgence in popularity, particularly in recent years. Players like Nick Kyrgios and Alexander Bublik have employed it on the professional tour, sparking discussions about its tactical merit.

 

These instances have forced a re-evaluation of the serve, moving it from a novelty to a potentially legitimate strategic tool.

 

 

Tactical advantages and disadvantages

The underarm serve, while unconventional, offers several potential tactical advantages:

• Surprise element: The most significant advantage lies in its element of surprise. Opponents are accustomed to facing powerful overhead serves, and an unexpected underarm serve can disrupt their rhythm and anticipation.
• Change of pace: It introduces a dramatic change of pace, forcing the receiver to adjust their positioning and reaction time.
• Exploiting deep returners: Players who consistently stand deep behind the baseline can be caught off guard by a short, low underarm serve, making it difficult for them to reach the ball in time.
• Dealing with pressure: When a player is experiencing nerves or struggling with their overhead serve, an underarm serve can be a less physically demanding alternative, allowing them to regain composure.
• Slowing down the game: Sometimes, a player may want to disrupt the rhythm of a fast paced match, and an underarm serve can achieve this.

 

However, there are also notable disadvantages:

• Lack of power: The underarm serve inherently lacks the power and spin generated by an overhead serve, making it easier for opponents to return aggressively.
• Vulnerability to aggressive returns: A poorly executed underarm serve can leave the server vulnerable to aggressive returns and quick points for the opponent.
• Psychological impact: The serve can be perceived as disrespectful, potentially provoking the opponent and inciting a more aggressive response.
• Predictability: If over used, the surprise element will be lost, and the serve becomes easy to counter.

 

 

How to execute an underarm serve

Mastering the underarm serve requires practice and attention to detail. Here’s a step-by-step guide:

 

Grip and stance

• Adopt a continental grip, similar to a volley grip
• Stand in your usual serving position, but slightly closer to the baseline
• Position your feet shoulder-width apart, with your non-dominant foot slightly ahead.

 

Ball toss

• Toss the ball low, just above waist height
• The ball toss should be consistent and directly in front of you
• Avoid tossing the ball too far forward or backward.

 

Swing

• Bend your knees and lower your body
• Swing the racket from low to high, aiming to make contact with the ball just as it reaches its peak
• Keep your wrist firm and guide the racket face towards your target
• Aim to make contact with the ball with an open racket face
• The contact point should be in front of your body.

 

Follow-through

• Continue the swing upwards, allowing your racket to follow through naturally
• Maintain balance throughout the motion
• The follow through will be much shorter than an overhead serve.

 

Placement and variation

• Experiment with different placements, aiming for corners or the centre of the service box.
• Vary the spin by adjusting your racket face and swing path.
• You can create a slice effect by slightly opening the racket face and brushing the outside of the ball.
• You can also try to hit the ball flat, for a more direct and faster serve.

 

 

Tips for effective underarm serving

• Practice regularly: Like any tennis shot, the underarm serve requires consistent practice to master.
• Focus on accuracy: Prioritise accuracy over power. A well-placed underarm serve is more effective than a poorly executed one.
• Vary your placement: Avoid becoming predictable. Mix up your placement to keep your opponent guessing.
• Use it sparingly: The underarm serve is most effective when used as a surprise tactic. Overusing it will diminish its impact.
• Read your opponent: Observe your opponent’s positioning and tendencies. If they stand deep behind the baseline, an underarm serve can be very effective.
• Maintain composure: Be prepared for potential criticism or negative reactions from your opponent. Focus on your game and don’t let it affect your performance.
• Adjust to the court surface: An underarm serve may be more effective on a slower court surface, as it will give the opponent less time to react.

 

 

Adding more shots to your toolbox

The underarm serve’s place in tennis is still evolving. While it may never replace the traditional overhead serve, its tactical value is undeniable.

 

Ultimately, whether you choose to incorporate it into your game is a matter of personal preference and strategic consideration. It’s a legal and potentially effective tool that can add a unique dimension to your tennis arsenal.

 

By understanding its advantages and disadvantages, and by practicing its execution, you can decide whether it’s a valuable addition to your game.

 

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